Politics and Women - Early 20th Century
Gender Gaps in Presidential Elections
Jo Freeman on the gender gaps of 1928, 1952 and 1960, refuting the idea that 1980 saw the first gender gap in presidential elections.
One Man, One Vote; One Woman, One Throat
"Women in New York City Politics, 1890-1910." Article by Jo Freeman, 2001, on the role of women politicians, especially in the Republican party, at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries.
Ruth Bryan Owen: Florida's First Congresswoman
Article by Jo Freeman on the 1928 election of Ruth Bryan Owen to Congress, and her political career before and after that election. (Her daughter, Helen Rudd Owen Brown, ran for Congress from California in 1958 and 1960.)
Spider Web Chart
Jo Freeman on how feminism was painted with a red brush, accused of socialism and Bolshevism in the early 20th century.