Sex Discrimination Laws and Court Cases
Women in US Constitutional History: Sex Discrimination
In US constitutional history, some decisions stand out as landmarks in the history of sex discrimination.
Comparable Worth - Pay Equity
Brief history and description of the concept of comparable worth: equal pay for work of equal value. From Jone Johnson Lewis.
Craig v. Boren
The Craig v. Boren case is significant because it held gender classifications to a new level of scrutiny.
Frontiero v. Richardson
In Frontiero v. Richardson, the Supreme Court ruled against sex discrimination in granting benefits to military spouses.
Geduldig v. Aiello
Was the California disability benefits law at issue in Geduldig v. Aiello sex discrimination?
Intermediate Scrutiny
What is intermediate scrutiny? Read about intermediate scrutiny, the standard of judicial review used for gender-based classifications.
Jury Selection Sex Discrimination
Ending sex discrimination in jury selection was an important goal of second-wave feminists.
Quasi-Suspect Classification (Quasi-Suspect Class)
What is a quasi-suspect classification? Learn the definition of quasi-suspect classification and how it relates to gender-based discrimination and intermediate scrutiny.
Rational Basis Review
What is rational basis review? When does a court use the rational basis test to determine if a law violates the Constitution? Read a definition of rational basis review.
Reed v. Reed
Reed v. Reed was an important Supreme Court case for women's equality.
Sex Discrimination
What is sex discrimination? Find the basic definition of sex discrimination.
Strict Scrutiny Standard of Review
Court cases on discrimination often focus on the concept of strict scrutiny. What does this legal phrase mean in the context of women's rights?
Suspect Classification (Suspect Class)
What is a suspect classification? When is a group a suspect class? Read about the definition of suspect classification in equal protection analysis.
Women and the Civil Rights Act
Read about the introduction of sex discrimination into Title VII.