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Women and Tennis in the United States
How women's tennis came to America
An article by Jone Johnson Lewis, Women's History Guide

Wimbledon champion
Lambert Chambers
In 1874, Mary Ewing Outerbridge, on vacation in Bermuda, discovered the game of lawn tennis. The game, played in England at least since 1793, was introduced into Bermuda and other British colonies by British officials and their wives.

Outerbridge bought equipment for the game in Bermuda and brought it home to Staten Island, where she introduce the game to her friends. Her brother was director of the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club, and, seeing the growing popularity of this game, he added a lawn tennis court.

 

Helen Willis and
Mrs. George Wightman:
Doubles at Wimbledon
The United States National Lawn Tennis Association formed in 1884, recognizing the growth of the game with a national championship tournament in men's singles and doubles. A women's singles tournament was added in 1887 and women's doubles in 1890.

Lawn tennis was popular among the well-to-do, who played avidly in their leisure time for health, competition and entertainment. Tennis, like golf, was part of a culture of exclusive private sports clubs for wealthy men and their wives and children. Jews,

woman tennis player 1930s
Sketch of tennis
attire about 1930
African Americans and recent immigrants were usually excluded. By the mid-twentieth century, some Jewish clubs had formed and an all-black American Tennis Association extended opportunities for tournament competition to African American tennis players.

One side effect of all this athletic activity by the wealthy was that it prompted the educated leaders of many settlement houses and later public programs to emphasize the health and mental benefits for children in poor neighborhoods. Althea Gibson is an example of a beneficiary of such efforts.

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More on women and tennis

About Althea Gibson
The story of Althea Gibson: from the slums of Harlem to the top ranks of tennis. Link to more resources on Gibson, too.

Women and Tennis
More resources on women and tennis, especially female tennis players.

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Text copyright 1999-2004 © Jone Johnson Lewis.

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