Lucy Parsons, anarchist, unsuccessfully organized in her husband's defense when he was accused of violence in the so-called Haymarket Riot of May, 1886 -- he was one of the "Haymarket martyrs" who were hanged. She continued organizing against capitalism and government, and helped organize the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World). Though she claimed only Native American and Hispanic heritage and not African, she was probably born into slavery, and when she married Albert Parsons, a white man, they had to leave Texas before the Ku Klux Klan took action against their interracial marriage.

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