Race riots in Springfield, Illinois, in 1908, highlighted for the nation that racial hatred was not unique to the southern states. On February 12, 1909, chosen because it was the birthday of Abraham Lincoln, a group of black and white activists and intellectuals met in New York City to hear speakers about racial justice and opportunity, and also to consider what sort of "large and powerful body of citizens" could be formed to "come to their aid" -- the aid of African Americans. The next year, a second meeting agreed to found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), an organization that is still active today. Black History Month is in February in part because it honors this important event.

Read more about Mary White Ovington and her key role (and that of some other women) in the founding of the NAACP:

• Mary White Ovington -- biography including her role in the founding of the NAACP
• Mary White Ovington Profile (basic facts about Mary White Ovington)